Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV)

The index of qualitative variation (IQV) is a measure of variability for nominal variables, such as race, ethnicity, or gender. These kinds of variables divide people by categories that cannot be ranked, unlike a variable measure of income or education, which can be measured from high to low. The IQV is based on the ratio of the total number of differences in the distribution to the maximum number of possible differences in the same distribution. Overview Let’s say, for instance, that we are interested in looking at the racial diversity of a city over time in order to see if its population has gotten more or less racially diverse, or if it has stayed the same. The index of qualitative variation is a good tool for measuring this. The index of qualitative variation can vary from 0.00 to 1.00. When all of the cases of the distribution are in one category, there is no diversity or variation, and the IQV is 0.00. For instance, if we have a distribution that consists entirely of Hispanic people, there is no diversity among the variable of race, and our IQV would be 0.00. In contrast, when the cases in a distribution are distributed evenly across the categories, there is maximum variation or diversity, and the IQV is 1.00. For example, if we have a distribution of 100 people and 25 are Hispanic, 25 are white, 25 are Black, and 25 are Asian, our distribution is perfectly diverse and our IQV is 1.00. So, if we are looking at the changing racial diversity of a city over time, we can examine the IQV year-over-year to see how diversity has evolved. Doing this will allow us to see when diversity was at its highest and at its lowest. The IQV can also be expressed as a percentage rather than a proportion. To find the percentage, simply multiply the IQV by 100. If the IQV is expressed as a percentage, it would reflect the percentage of differences relative to the maximum possible differences in each distribution. For example, if we were looking at the racial/ethnic distribution in Arizona and had an IQV of 0.85, we would multiply it by 100 to get 85 percent. This means that the number of racial/ethnic differences is 85 percent of the maximum possible differences. How To Calculate The IQV The formula for the index of qualitative variation is: IQV K(1002 – ÃŽ £Pct2) / 1002(K – 1) Where K  is the number of categories in the distribution and ÃŽ £Pct2 is the sum of all squared percentages in the distribution. There are four steps, then, to calculating the IQV: Construct a percentage distribution.Square the percentages for each category.Sum the squared percentages.Calculate the IQV using the formula above. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Media And Its Impact On Society - 1678 Words

When you are young you don t realize that what you are watching on the television is shaping many of your beliefs, distorting what is fictional and what is reality. The media plays a huge role in stereotyping black people compared to white people which has a major impact in how we view the people in our world. When we are watching tv or listening to the radio and it is constantly relating the color of a person s skin to their actions. This causes the audience to associate these actions with a certain racial group. It is important to note the  ¨danger of a single story ¨ because we can t let one perspective be our only perspective. Even as a child I was being exposed to stereotyping in the media without realizing it. Being white, I never felt out of place where I lived or in what I saw. All the shows I watched were made up of casts that were majority white. Thinking back on the tv shows I spent so much of my childhood watching I rarely remember seeing black characters, especially not as leading roles. This was not me deliberately choosing to watch shows primarily made up of white people, it just happened to be that way on all the networks I watched. I do remember one of my favorite shows, Suite Life on Deck, adding a black character to a cast of all whites. This character was only in one season before being removed from the show. I never thought about why this was though until now. If the character was cast to a white person would that have made a difference? Would he haveShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls th e mind†. The Media have become one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most Americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect of that is the fact that the media are very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media are expected to be educational.Read MoreThe Impact of Media on Society853 Words   |  3 PagesHow much of an impact does the media have on your life? How many hours do you spend on the phone, watching television, or browsing the internet? Whether you choose to believe it or not, the media plays an enormous role in our everyday lives, and its impacts continues to stretch as technological advancements and other innovative creations come into place. One of the largest groups that the media affects, we fear is our children. As media continuously grows and undergoes changes, more and more childrenRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have becoming one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect on that is the fact that the media is very po larized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media is expected to be educational. PublicRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesMedia can be defined as â€Å"the means of communication as radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, that reach or influence people widely† and is fully ingrained into our society. In fact, according to Nielsen’s Total Audience Report, during the 1st Quarter of 2016, American adults consumed media at a daily average of 10 hours and 39 minutes. Media not only entertains us and serves as an important agent of communication, but also plays a crucial role in the socialization of culturalRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society1435 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mass media is a significant force in modern culture. Sociologists refer to this as a mediated culture where media reflects and creates the culture† (â€Å"The Role and Influence of Mass Media†, n.d, para.2). Media has affected to the most area of human life include relationship, education, careers, and entertainment. There were a lot of researches about the impacts of media to society from negative to positive effects; however, researchers were not pay attention to the impacts of media in inequalityRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe media plays a significant role in developing awareness on various different subjects. Without the media, people would be much less informed on many social and economic issues. The media can be credited for improvements in these sectors today as it engages the public to have an opinion of our on-going evolvements by releasing daily reports on such topics. In terms of charitable aid the media has greatly developed our awareness with a nature that influences us to feel sympathy for those less fortunateRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society1696 Words   |  7 Pages Media has an impact on many of the population’s everyday life. It comes to no surprise that the media i s closely related with body imaging. There are thousands of advertisements out in the media that depict images of beauty and physical attractiveness which are unrealistic. The masses see these images and think that they are achievable thus lowering the self-esteem of many. Many of these commercials and advertisements fall under the category of the following: weight loss, clothing, cosmetics andRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesMedia has been growing for a numerous amount of years, and it will only keep rising. You could say that nearly everyone around you has some sort of technological device or way in which they can access the media, these are what we call print, audio visual and on-line media. Print media includes things such as newspapers, magazines and even books, Audio visual media includes your TV, radio or even music and finally on-line media is mostly photos or videos that are spread over the internet. With theRead MoreThe Impact Of Med ia On Society1853 Words   |  8 Pages In twenty first century, media is unavoidable in society. Every human being is exposed to countless media images, advertisements, magazines, TV shows in their everyday lives. Media is everywhere, it’s hard to avoid and there’s no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has a cell phone, internet connection, or a television. If not, billboard signs, magazines, and store advertisements are everywhere in society. Media is designed to advertise, entertain, giving informationRead MoreThe Impact Of The Media On Society1787 Words   |  8 PagesThe media is a major part of modern society today and holds immense powers over multiple organisations, it has the ability to influence opinions of society through its many channels which include â€Å"†¦ every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax and internet† (Business Dictionary, 2017). One of the greatest aspec ts of society that the media has power over are sporting organisations and the athletes that are associated

Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay Free Essays

Change Over Time Essay Assignment # 1The camel. with its ability to go long distances without H2O and carry heavy tonss. facilitated trans-Saharan communicating. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the 7th and 8th centuries CE. Islamic vanquishers had added North Africa to the dar al-Islam. By the terminal of the 8th century CE. Muslim merchandisers had crossed the Sahara and initiated commercial dealingss with Sub-Saharan West Africa and by the beginning of the 2nd millenary. Islam had become entrenched in West African life. Islam dramatically changed West Africa culturally. politically. and economically in the clip period between 1000 CE and 1750 CE. but many basics of West African society remained the same. Economically. Islam ushered a new epoch of economic prosperity into West Africa. The acceptance of Islam by West African provinces provided them with common land upon which provinces such as Mali greatly expanded their gold trade to embrace Arab and Mediterranean states. Established Muslim trade paths facilitated the immense addition in the volume of African trade. Commercial metropoliss sprung up across West Africa. with commercialism increasing Timbuktu’s population to 100. 000. In the 12th century. Muslim merchandisers introduced cotton. rice. and citrus fruits to West Africa ; by the 16th century cotton was the chief fabric produced in West Africa. European demand for cotton fabrics ensured that West Africa would stay economically comfortable. Muslim merchandisers expanded the African break one’s back trade to a Continental degree. supplying Europeans with a model upon which to construct the ruinous Atlantic slave trade. replacing little graduated table tribal bondage with immense province economic systems built wholly around capturing slaves and selling them to foreign states. However. despite these immense alterations in economic methods and volume. West African provinces relied to a great extent upon trade as the rule signifier of economic support throughout periods of Islamic influence. The addition in trade with Islamic merchandisers between 1000 and 1750 led to the pervasion of Muslim civilization among West African peoples. Islamic swayers built big mosques and universities where people could larn about Islam. every bit good as other countries of cognition. These universities spread literacy within West African society. Islam was by and large tolerant of traditional values. such as polygamy. This allowed it greater popularity than Christianity. and decreased opposition to transition. Islam was non forced upon citizens by their male monarchs. but instead was voluntarily encouraged. Despite this. many people adopted Islam. particularly those who interacted with Muslim merchandisers. However. many of those who adopted Islam did non follow Islam in its original signifier. but instead combined it with traditional spiritual beliefs to make a syncretistic faith. There was much societal convulsion among purists. such as the Fulani. and those who practiced syncretistic Is lam. Despite the big Islamic influence in the country. many chose non to follow a syncretistic religion and instead kept their traditional beliefs. The integrating of Islamic civilization into West Africa. every bit good as the economic prosperity that Islamic trade brought West Africa. led to the creative activity of big centralised provinces. As opposed to the little lands. such as the land of Ghana. that the first Islamic merchandisers encountered in West Africa. by the 15th century two big centralized imperiums had emerged. Muslim influence played a big portion in the creative activity of these big imperiums. First. the gross created by integrating of West Africa into Islamic trade allowed West African swayers to make and back up big standing ground forcess. These ground forcess ensured that these imperiums could protect their peoples and beginnings of income. every bit good as exert their influence. Second. Islamic jurisprudence. known as Shari’a. introduced to West Africa allowed for incorporate regulation. Previously. changing tribal Torahs had caused upset and atomization. every bit good as discontent. Islamic jurisprudence facilitated and demanded the creative activity of big centralised imperiums. However. Islam itself did non needfully go the sole faith of these imperiums ; many. so most. citizens of these imperiums clung to and practise their traditional heathen spiritual beliefs. Following the prostration of these two imperiums. West African political construction returned to the little regional lands that had been West African norm before Muslim merchandisers crossed the Sahara. Overall. the Islam greatly. sometimes even wholly. changed cultural. political. and economic environments in West Africa between 1000 CE and 1750 CE. Examples of this alteration include the debut of centralised lands. trans-Saharan trade. and Muslim values. Despite this great alteration. many elements of West African society. such as popular faith. dependance on trade. and basic values remained the same despite Muslim influence up through 1750 CE. Near the terminal of that period. Africa began to be colonized by European states. and fell under European influence. How to cite Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay, Essay examples

Gain Enhancement Techniques for Amplifier

Question: Write an essay about the gain enhancement techniques for amplifier. Answer: Introduction Exactness and rapid are typically the two typically important homes of simple and blended sign circuits. A extensive assortment of easy and blended sign frameworks have execution that's constrained by using the settling conduct of a CMOS operational enhancer. These incorporate exchanged capacitor channels, algorithmic A/D converters, sigma-delta converters, scan and keep circuits, and pipeline A/D converters. The settling habits of the Operation Amp decide the precision and the expense that may be come to. Common teachings show fast settling requires single shaft settling habits and an excessive pick up data transmission item. High precision likewise requires a excessive DC opt for up. The low estimations of inborn transistor decide on up complete by brief-channel MOS items utilized as part of rapid audio system has made it tougher to get a high DC-decide on up from most present enhancer structures. Most channels today are worked with trans-conductance accessories and capacitors in i ntegrator-established items. Constructing designated channels at excessive frequencies shows a few difficulties. One noteworthy limitation is the stage mistake of the integrators. The exceptional components of the posts and zeros within the channel are exceptionally soft to the period of the integrator at the shaft and 0 frequencies. Channel execution is likewise touchy to the DC-addition of the integrators. A 2d test is to assemble an integrator with an properly high DC-pick up. These define challenges have been tended to in countless productions including. Dynamic biasing of trans-conductance audio system has been proposed as a manner for upgrading decide on up and adorning settling. Be that as it's going to, in the current steadily one-sided amplifiers, amid the last part of settling period the DC broaden can be excessive however the present will be low for this reason settling is impeded. Powerfully one-sided enhancers have restrained acknowledgment as a consequence of these inconveniences. Gain enhancement techniques Intensifier trans-conductance, Gm, is when all is alleged in executed an detail of the trans-conductance of transistors on the information stage. It's well realized that the trans-conductance will also be expanded both through increasing the biasing current of the expertise transistors or through expanding the extent of the information transistors. It may be seemed that each methodologies will bring about expanding the force dissemination and the parasitic capacitance at the know-how hubs and restricting the know-how/yield swings of the enhancer. Making use of the previous procedures to develop the trans-conductance could likewise effect in diminishing the enhancer yield impedance this may antagonistically impact the intensifier execution. In this work we can examine two strategies that can be utilized to beef up intensifier's trans-conductance. The foremost procedure, which is material to enhancers without cascading, relies on upon associating the dynamic load transistors to the dat a flag as opposed to an altered biasing voltage. This association would require a DC shift for the info voltage to be respectable to power the dynamic burden transistor. The DC gain is whatever but difficult to execute within the utterly differential cases. At final to eliminate the need of a ordinary criticism circuit, we make use of a resistive organization with the deliver. This resistive association will likewise be utilized to provide optimistic input, so as to deliver about terrible conductance select up growth. These ways enables us to generously construct the enhancer trans-conductance, Gm, without expanding the force dissemination, or lessening the overabundance predisposition on the information transistors which can prevent our info/yield swing as we can show up in the channel utility. As a case of the primary method, bear in mind the enhancer, which has a trans-conductance, Gm, an identical to gm1. This circuit has a trans-conductance, Gm, of gm1+gm2, which will also be much bigger than gm1. Seeing that amplifier choose up transmission capacity object, and DC develop are relative The intensifier has a bigger DC-prefer up and a higher unity pick up recurrence than the circuit of Fig1a however both audio system have the equal drive scattering. Observe that transistor M2 serving as a biasing transistor serves additionally as an intensifier in the circuit that tackle the problems distinct above will now be viewed. Figure: Circuit diagram for gain enhancement The mathematical equation for the gain modulation can be shown as- The acknowledgment of this concept is completed in a technique such that the enter tail-present has a first-rate that's reliant on the yield voltage stage Vout. This time period is important to get the craved constructive criticism property. Case of execution of this method on collapsed cascade and gain enhancers. Simulation results The enhancer appeared in figure 2.D has been mimicked making use of TSMC 0.25u process. The enhancer has a combination current of 340uA. For a heap capacitor of zero.5pF, and drive give of 2.5 Volts, the amplifier can achieve a DC increase of 66dB, team spirit choose up recurrence of 842MHz with a stage fringe of 87 levels. The AC investigation effect is regarded in determine 5. The adjusted collapsed enhancer of the second method with the confident input is recreated utilizing CMOS TSMC zero.25u procedure. The amplifier has an mixture present of 1.2mA, capacitive heap of 500fF, and drive supply of 2.5V. Reproduction demonstrates that the enhancer has a DC develop of 107.3dB with cohesion select up recurrence of 805MHz. Conclusion Two tactics to upgrade enhancer trans-conductance in enlargement to optimistic-criticism had been proposed to bring together rapid and excessive DC-select up intensifiers. The 2nd method demonstrates execution of the constructive input procedure in a method the place the increase is controllable, and the addition is not an outstanding capacity of the yield voltage swing. The further rate paid used to be the growth of the enhancer info capacitance. The further price paid for the confident criticism in the 2nd approach for increasing the gain was once the necessity of an imitation biasing plan to control amplifier select up. References Charlamov, J. and Navickas, R. (2015). Design of CMOS Differential Transimpedance Amplifier. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 21(1). Computer aided design and optimization of a broad-band high frequency monolithic amplifier. (1973). Computer-Aided Design, 5(2), pp.130-131. Dassi, M. and Sharma, R. (2014). Design of RF Low Noise Amplifier at 2GHz in 0.18m Technology. Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies, 2(2), pp.107-115. Goldstein, J. and Hopf, F. (1974). Laser amplifier design. Optics Communications, 11(2), pp.118-122. Khan, M. and Burney, S. (2011). Statistical Approach to Design Low Noise Amplifier. IJCEE, pp.606-610. Ã…Å ¾engl, M. (2016). Broadband Microwave Amplifier Design with Lumped Elements. Frequenz, 70(3-4). Servo-Amplifier Design. (1965). Nature, 206(4987), pp.859-860. Sun, H. (2012). ZnO Thin Film Sensor Design of the Charge Amplifier. AMR, 462, pp.65-70. Ulker, S. (2011). Broadband Microwave Amplifier Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization. JCP, 6(11). Xie, G. and Xiao, H. (2010). Modeling and auto-design of operational amplifier based on genetic algorithm. null, 2009(1), pp.91-95.

Noli Me Tangere free essay sample

Major Characters of Noli Me Tangere Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, commonly referred to the novel as Ibarra or Crisostomo, is the protagonist in the story. Son of a Filipino business man, Don Rafael Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years. [5] Ibarra is also Maria Claras fiance. Maria Clara de los Santos y Alba, commonly referred to as Maria Clara, is Ibarras fiancee. He was raised by Capitan Tiago, San Diegos cabeza de barangay and is the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego. In the later parts of the novel, Maria Claras identity was revealed as an illegitimate daughter of Father Damaso, former parish curate of the town, and Dona Pia Alba, wife of Capitan Tiago. In the end she entered local covenant for nuns Beaterio de Santa Clara. In the epilogue dealing with the fate of the characters, Rizal stated that it is unknown if Maria Clara is still living within the walls of the covenant or she is already dead. We will write a custom essay sample on Noli Me Tangere or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Don Santiago de los Santos, known by his nickname Tiago and political title Capitan Tiago is a Filipino businessman and the cabeza de barangay or head of barangay of the town of San Diego. He is also the known father of Maria Clara. In the novel, it is said that Capitan Tiago is the richest man in the region of Binondo and he possessed real properties in Pampanga and Laguna de Bay. He is also said to be a good Catholic, friend of the Spanish government and was considered as a Spanish by colonialists. Capitan Tiago never attended school, so he became a domestic helper of a Dominican friar who taught him informal education. He married Pia Alba from Santa Cruz. Damaso Verdolagas, or Padre Damaso is a Franciscan friar and former parish curate of San Diego. He is best known as a notorious character that speaks with harsh words and has been a cruel priest during his stay in the town. He is the real father of Maria Clara and an enemy of Crisostomos father, Rafael Ibarra. Later on, he and Maria Clara had bitter arguments whether she marry Alfonso Linares or go to covenant. At the end of the novel, he again re-assigned into a distant town and was found dead one day. In popular culture, when a priest was said to be like Padre Damaso, it means that he is a cruel but respectable individual. When one says a child is anak ni Padre Damaso (child of Padre Damaso), it means that the childs fathers identity is unknown. Filosofo Tacio, known by his Filipinized name Pilosopong Tasyo is another major character in the story. Seeking for reforms from the government, he expresses his ideals in paper written in a cryptographic alphabet similar from hieroglyphs and Coptic figures[13] hoping that the future generations may be able to decipher it and realized the abuse and oppression done by the conquerors. His full name is only known as Don Anastacio. The educated inhabitants of San Diego labeled him as Filosofo Tacio (Tacio the Philosopher) while others called him as Tacio el Loco (Insane Tacio) due to his exceptional talent for reasoning. Elias, is an important character in the story and was once Ibarras mysterious friend. Elias made his first appearance as a pilot during a picnic of Ibarra and Maria Clara and her friends. [15] He wants to revolutionize the country and to be freed from Spanish oppression. The 50th chapter of the novel explores the past of Elias and history of his family. In the past, Ibarras grandfather condemned Elias grandfather of burning a warehouse which lead into the misfortune of Elias family. His father was refused to be married by his mother because his fathers past and family lineage was discovered by his mothers family. In the long run, Elias and his twin sister was raised by their maternal grandfather. When they were teenagers, their distant relatives called them hijo de bastardo or illegitimate children. One day, his sister disappeared which led him to search for her. His search led him into different places, and finally, he became a fugitive and anti-government. Dona Victorina de Espadana, commonly known as Dona Victorina, is an ambitious Filipino woman who classifies herself as a Spanish and mimicking Spanish ladies by putting on heavy make-ups. The novel narrates Dona Victorinas younger days: she had lots of admirers but she never choose one of them because nobody was a Spaniard. Later on, she met Don Tiburcio de Espadana, an official to the customs bureau, which is about ten years junior than her. [18] Even though she got married, they never had a child. Her husband assumes the title as medical doctor even though Tiburcio never attended medical school. Using fake documents and certificates, Tiburcio is practicing illegal medicine. The usage of Tiburcio of the title Dr. also made Victorina to assume the title Dra. (doctora, female doctor). [18] Apparently, she uses the whole name Dona Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadana, with double de to emphasize her marriage surname. 2. Noli Me Tangere and Spanish Period in the Philippines Noli Me Tangere was Rizals first novel. He was 26 years old at the time of ts publication. The work was has been historically significant and was instrumental in the establishing of the Filipino sense of national identity. The book indirectly influenced a revolution although the author actually advocated direct representation to the Spanish government and larger role of the Philippines within Spains political affairs. The novel was written in Spanish, the official language of the colony that was understood by j ust about everyone thanks to the free public education system established by the Spanish government more than two decades before. The novel created so much controversy that only a few days after his arrival, Governor-General Emilio Terrero summoned Rizal to the Malacanang Palace and told him of the charges saying that Noli Me Tangere contained subversive statements. After a discussion, the liberal[citation needed] Governor General was appeased, but mentioned that he was unable to offer resistance against the pressure of the Church to take action against the book. The persecution can be discerned from Rizals letter to Leitmeritz: My book made a lot of noise; everywhere, I am asked about it. They wanted to anathematize me [to excommunicate me] because of it I am considered a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, they say I am a Protestant, a freemason, a sorcerer, a damned soul and evil. It is whispered that I want to draw plans, that I have a foreign passport and that I wander through the streets by night Rizal depiction of nationality by emphasizing the qualities of Filipinos: devotion of a Filipina and her influence to a mans life, the deep sense of gratitude, and the solid common sense of the Filipinos under the Spanish regime. The book was instrumental in creating a unified Filipino national identity and consciousness, as many Filipinos previously identified with their respective regions to the advantage of the Spanish authorities. It lampooned, caricatured and exposed various elements in colonial society. 3. Rizal’s Reasons for Coming Back to the Philippines During his five years absence from the Philippines Rizal had been receiving many letters from his brother Paciano, from his sisters Olimpia, Narcisa, Josefa, Maria, Saturnina, Lucia and her husband Mariano Herbosa, from his mother, and from friends in the Philippines. Hardly had he reached Spain when his friends wrote that a terrible epidemic of cholera was sweeping away thousands of victims in and near Manila. As letters concerning this scourge reached Rizal, they made his sensitive heart yearn to go to their relief. Joses father did not write any letters, but he sent word at every opportunity to say how proud he was of his sons achievements. And his mother, Paciano told him, burst into tears as she read his letters. Jose had taken Pacianos advice and written them only the news that would make them happy. What made Rizal most heartsick was to read how his father was having trouble with the Dominican friars who claimed his land, while the price of sugar was so low that the family nearly faced ruin. The third year Jose was strongly inclined to return, at least as far as Hong Kong, but Paciano urged him to stay away; and his friend Felipe Zamora told him never to come back until he had changed his nationality to German, English, or American, then the Spanish government would not dare to touch him. (01) After Noli Me Tangere had been printed and smuggled into the Philippines, Jose M. Cecilio (02) begged Rizal not to come back to the Islands for at least a year. We will wait and see what effect your book will produce. We are not now going to lose all the good of your brilliant career. We are doing all we can to make your book known; all who have read it are enthusiastic. But you stay there. I will write when you ought to come, as you believe, on account of your mother. He referred to the cataracts in Rizals mothers eyes; he had been preparing ever since 1882 five long years to save her sight. Another cause for many a heartache was the fact that after 1884 he did not receive letters from Leonor Rivera, (who always signed herself Faimis) but he did receive alarming news about her. In March of that year he learned from his friend Jose M. Cecilio that Leonors mother was opposed to her marrying Rizal. In truth, dear namesake, wrote Cecilio, this girl week by week is sick with fever, and it is, as you well know, the result of the ardent passion she feels for you. 4. Propagandas Against Noli Me Tangere Criticism and attacks against the Noli and its author came from all quarters. An anonymous letter signed A Friar and sent to Rizal, dated February 15, 1888, says in part: How ungrateful you are†¦ If you, or for that matter all your men, think you have a grievance, then challenge us and we shall pick up the gauntlet, for we are not cowards like you, which is not to say that a hidden hand will not put an end to your life. A special committee of the faculty of the University of Santo Tomas, at the request of the Archbishop Pedro Payo, found and condemned the novel as heretical, impious, and scandalous in its religious aspect, and unpatriotic, subversive of public order and harmful to the Spanish government and its administration of theses islands in its political aspect. On December 28, 1887, Fray Salvador Font, the cura of Tondo and chairman of the Permanent Commission of Censorship composed of laymen and ordered that the circulation of this pernicious book be absolutely prohibited. Not content, Font caused the circulation of copies of the prohibition, an act which brought an effect contrary to what he desired. Instead of what he expected, the negative publicity awakened more the curiosity of the people who managed to get copies of the book. Assisting Father Font in his aim to discredit the Noli was an Augustinian friar by the name of Jose Rodriguez. In a pamphlet entitled Caiingat Cayo (Beware). Fr. Rodriguez warned the people that in reading the book they commit mortal sin, considering that it was full of heresy. As far as Madrid, there was furor over the Noli, as evidenced by an article which bitterly criticized the novel published in a Madrid newspaper in January, 1890, and written by one Vicente Barrantes. In like manner, a member of the Senate in the Spanish Cortes assailed the novel as anti-Catholic, Protestant, socialistic. It is well to note that not detractors alone visibly reacted to the effects of the Noli. For if there were bitter critics, another group composed of staunch defenders found every reason to justify its publication and circulation to the greatest number of Filipinos. For instance, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, cleverly writing under an assumed name Dolores Manapat, successfully circulated a publication that negated the effect of Father Rodriguez’ Caiingat Cayo, Del Pilar’s piece was entitled Caiigat Cayo (Be Slippery as an Eel). Deceiving similar in format to Rodriguez’ Caiingat Cayo, the people were readily misled into getting not a copy o Rodriguez’ piece but Del Pillar’s. The Noli Me Tangere found another staunch defender in the person of a Catholic theologian of the Manila Cathedral, in Father Vicente Garcia. Under the pen-name Justo Desiderio Magalang. Father Garcia wrote a very scholarly defense of the Noli, claiming among other things that Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, being the product of Spanish officials and corrupt friars; he himself who had warned the people of committing mortal sin if they read the novel had therefore committed such sin for he has read the novel. Consequently, realizing how much the Noli had awakened his countrymen, to the point of defending his novel, Rizal said: Now I die content. Fittingly, Rizal found it a timely and effective gesture to dedicate his novel to the country of his people whose experiences and sufferings he wrote about, sufferings which he brought to light in an effort to awaken his countrymen to the truths that had long remained unspoken, although not totally unheard of. 5. Out of the Country†¦Again. On February 28, 1888, a year after the publication of Noli Me Tangere, and six months after his arrival in the Philippines, Jose Rizal sailed from Manila again, by advice of the government. The letters he wrote back home show how his heart ached at going, yet his judgment told him that it was best for him to go. The phenomenal effect of Noli Me Tangere made it clear that Rizal could wield a mighty influence through his pen, but to write the truth he would have to go to some country where he would be free from spies or plots. The spot he chose was the Library of the British Museum, the greatest library in the world.

Terrorism And Security in the Olympics essays

Terrorism And Security in the Olympics essays Terrorism and Security in the Olympics Security is a fundamental notion in sports. Nowadays athletes are viewed often through the media, therefore they are recognizable. In the Olympics security measures must be taken to protect the athletes. There are many different nationalities involved therefore security has to be taken in order to ensure that there arent conflicting views that could possibly be damaging towards another team. But quite often it cannot be prevented. On the morning of September 5, 1972, the members of the Israeli delegation awoke in their quarters in the Olympic village to the desperate cries of wrestling referee Joseph Gottfreund. Eight Arab commandos (from the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September) broke into the Olympic compound in Munich. In an attempt to create time for an escape, Joseph Gottfreund tried to block off the door to the quarters in order to stall the intruders. He told his colleagues to leave the premises. The terrorist shot and killed him immediately along with Yaakov Springer, the weightlifting referee. Those in the adjoining apartments who were not woken by the muffled cries were woken from the sounds of machine guns. The commandos then took nine others of the eighteen-member Israeli Olympic team hostage. They then settled into the compound for a siege. The terrorists imprisoned and tied up the athletes and their coaches inside the apartments. They were moved into one of the delegates room where they were guarded by eight of the terrorists. Their weapons included sub-machine guns, pistols and grenades. Moshe Weinberg, a wrestling referee, and Joseph Romano, a weightlifter, were killed during an effort to free themselves from the terrorists. Their reasons for holding the Israelis hostage were that they wanted to persuade the release of two hundred Arab guerrillas that were being held in Israel. The terrorists demanded that the prisoners be flown from Israe...

Middle childhood development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle childhood development - Essay Example The son is portrayed as so understanding when he ask his father if it was his fault that the mother left but he came to appreciate his father’s effort though he does not deserve the kind of treatment he undergoes as a child. The movie gives the emotional and physical connection between the father and the son even during hard times. The movie also highlights the meaning of happiness and love which most people have always taken for granted though searched by everyone around the world. It also shows that the dreams of the child come true no matter the situation. Chris realizes his error and encourages his son to pursue any dream after squashing his son’s dream of becoming a professional basketball player. The child requires emotional, psychological and physical connections with everyone around them. When the going went hard and they get evicted from their home to stay in the streets of California, the child cried because he misses the home environment. The father is seen beyond being only a protector and a provider but he became the father that his child needed him to be. They did not give up and we realize that family is the strongest thing to have and with forgiveness you will always together. Based on these characters and all they went through, setting your heart and mind on something will definitely make you accomplish it (Riley, 2008). The importance of social development is evident in all stages of child’s life and a child with strong social development foundation easily manages his personal feelings, understands others needs and feelings as well as positive interaction with others. The movie demonstrates the social development depicted between the father where the son understands the situation of the father after they had been abandoned by their mother, he understands the situation and appreciates the effort of his father, Christopher asks his dad whether it was his